{"id":16434,"date":"2025-09-12T23:25:11","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T21:25:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/?p=16434"},"modified":"2025-10-18T22:10:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T20:10:57","slug":"glavnoe-smotrit-li-na-menya-tekst-intervyu-marii-makkert-s-olgoi-smolnytskoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/2025\/09\/12\/glavnoe-smotrit-li-na-menya-tekst-intervyu-marii-makkert-s-olgoi-smolnytskoi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u2013 \u201e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u201d \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u00bb: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0441 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00ab\u0413\u041b\u0410\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0415 \u2013 \u201e\u0421\u041c\u041e\u0422\u0420\u0418\u0422\u201d \u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u041c\u0415\u041d\u042f \u0422\u0415\u041a\u0421\u0422\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0421\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f <\/strong>\u2013 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u00ab\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 8 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433: \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 <\/em><em>\u00ab\u0410\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b \u043d\u043e\u0447\u0456\u00bb, \u00ab\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u044e \u043c\u0456\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0443\u00bb (\u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 2009), \u00ab\u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u00bb (2010), \u00ab\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb (2011); \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u044d\u0441\u0441\u0435, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u0423 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f\u00bb (2010), \u00ab\u041b\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041d\u0456\u043b\u0438\u00bb (2012), \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u00bb (2017), \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0424\u0456\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044f \u0425\u0406\u0425 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0425\u0425 \u0441\u0442.\u00bb (2013)<\/em><em>. \u041b\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0421 2022 \u0433. \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0412 2023 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u042f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u042d\u0440\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0411\u0443\u043a\u0435\u0442\u00bb \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u00bb. \u0415\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 <\/em><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/tag\/olga-smolnytska\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>SlavicumPress<\/em><\/a><\/span><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16440\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16440\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16440 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16440\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Olga Smolnytska<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438: \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.\u0421.: <\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 (\u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435) \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0445. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"16434-1\" class=\"gallery gallery-16434 gallery-col-2 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/olga-smolnytska-26\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Olga-Smolnytska-1-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16450\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16450\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The Horserider \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, St-Sulpice, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16461\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16461\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">A Steppe Fantasy \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: \u00a0<\/strong>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0439\u00bb. \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0412\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.\u0421.: <\/strong>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u041a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 1910 \u0433. \u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u043b\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432. \u0410 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0439\u00bb \u2013 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u00a0\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0439\u00bb. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u00ab\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445\u00bb \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u2013 \u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043a\u0438, \u043b\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0434, \u043a\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b.\u00a0 \u041c\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u2013 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437, \u043e\u043a\u043e (\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0436\u044c\u0435 \u041e\u043a\u043e). \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b, \u043a\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044b. \u041a\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044b \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044e \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0432 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"16434-2\" class=\"gallery gallery-16434 gallery-col-3 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-full\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-3' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska-4\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-scaled.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-413x550.jpg 413w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-3-375x500.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16487\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16487\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">Hathor II \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-3' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska-2\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-scaled.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-413x550.jpg 413w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-1-375x500.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16485\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16485\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The blue bird and the carps koi  \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-3' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska-3\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-scaled.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-413x550.jpg 413w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-2-375x500.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16486\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16486\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The Fantasy \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u00abThe fantasy\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439. \u0412\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.\u0421.:<\/strong> \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u00ab\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c\u00bb. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0435\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043d\u044e \u0425\u0430\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0440 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438). \u00a0\u0424\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c.\u00a0 \u041d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. \u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0447\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430.\u00a0 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044f, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u00a0 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430: \u0440\u044b\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438-\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438-\u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u044f\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044d\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u044e\u0444\u0430\u0440\u044b, \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u041a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u00bb (\u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0447\u044c\u0438 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\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438. \u0418 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430 (\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0435), \u2013 \u043b\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u044f\u0439\u0446\u043e. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043a \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0445\u0435. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"16434-3\" class=\"gallery gallery-16434 gallery-col-2 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska-5\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-4-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16489\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16489\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The wild rooster. Fragmen of the drawing \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2025<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska-6\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-5-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16491\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16491\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The wild rooster. Fragment with translation into French \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2025<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.:\u00a0 <\/strong>\u041f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0412\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c: \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f 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\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0443\u0441\u044c. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445: \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0443\u00bb \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u00bb \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0424\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u00ab<span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\">\u0490\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0491\u043e\u0441<\/span>\u00bb \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0442\u0430 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\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u00a0 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0432 2021 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0428\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"16434-4\" class=\"gallery gallery-16434 gallery-col-2 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/smolnytska\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/Smolnytska-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16501\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16501\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">Manala (Kalevala) \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska-8\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-7-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16494\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16494\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The Mother Lynx \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2025<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.:\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0412\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0443 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u0421 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e. \u0421.: <\/strong>\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u044f \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u2013 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u041d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043b. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0420\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u043c \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0412 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0456\u00bb (\u201cIn Dubious Battle\u201d). \u0417\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430! \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u2013 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u00bb \u2013 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u041c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442: \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432). \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445, \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b. \u041c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u043d \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0421\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b <em>Fiend<\/em>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <em>\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439<\/em>, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u2013 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. 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\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e), \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435. \u041c\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0412\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a? \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044e?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.\u0421.:<\/strong> \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0420\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c. \u0412 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443, \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u044b. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0437\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441 \u0440\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443. \u041c\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0432\u044b\u00bb, \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb , \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0412\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e. \u0421.: <\/strong>\u042f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0430\u043f\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043b\u0435\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043b, \u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438. \u041b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u0421\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0418\u043b\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442, \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"16434-5\" class=\"gallery gallery-16434 gallery-col-2 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/2025\/09\/12\/glavnoe-smotrit-li-na-menya-tekst-intervyu-marii-makkert-s-olgoi-smolnytskoi\/o-smolnytska-9\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-8-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16495\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16495\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The motifs of orthodox icon \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class='gallery-item col-2' itemprop='associatedMedia' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'><a href='https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/o-smolnytska-10\/' itemprop=\"contentURL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-465x349.jpg 465w, https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/files\/2025\/09\/O.-Smolnytska-9-667x500.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" aria-describedby=\"figcaption-16434-16496\" itemprop=\"thumbnail\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption id=\"figcaption-16434-16496\" class=\"gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption\">The woman-river \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska, Yverdon-les-Bains, 2024<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u0412\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.\u0421.: <\/strong>\u00a0\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0444\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0448\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 (\u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0438), \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u2026 \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0432 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0410 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u2013 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u2013 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043a&#8230; \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 (\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0436\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u044e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b&#8230;) \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e? \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u0412\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.\u0421.:<\/strong> \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0442.\u0435. 2024 \u0433., \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Saint-Sulpice. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e \u0414\u043d\u044e \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>\u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440. \u041c\u044b \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0412\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>LE PRINCIPAL, C\u2019EST QUE LE TEXTE ME \u00abREGARDE\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Olga Smolnytska <\/strong>est philologue, philosophe, traductrice, \u00e9crivaine et artiste ukrainienne. Elle est docteure en philosophie, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e en \u00e9tudes ukrainiennes. Auteure de huit ouvrages en langue ukrainienne, elle a publi\u00e9 plusieurs recueils po\u00e9tiques \u2014 L\u2019Ange de la nuit, Je chercherai la com\u00e8te changeante (tous deux en 2009), Le Papillon noir (2010), Le Voyageur (2011), ainsi qu\u2019un recueil de sc\u00e9narios t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9s, d\u2019essais et d\u2019articles, \u00c0 la recherche des racines (2010), puis Les Lys pour Nila (2012), un recueil de po\u00e8mes, Raisin m\u00fbr (2017), et une monographie individuelle, \u00c9l\u00e9ments philosophiques et m\u00e9thodologiques de la recherche litt\u00e9raire \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Kyiv, de la fin du XIXe au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle (2013). Laur\u00e9ate de plusieurs prix et concours litt\u00e9raires, elle vit en Suisse depuis 2022. En 2023, sa traduction en ukrainien, \u00e0 partir du tch\u00e8que, des ballades de Karel Jarom\u00edr Erben issues du recueil Le Bouquet lui a valu le prix de la revue kyivienne Vsesvit. Ses traductions, provenant de diff\u00e9rentes langues slaves vers l\u2019ukrainien, paraissent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans la revue SlavicumPress.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041c.M: <\/strong>Comment des facettes apparemment si diff\u00e9rentes, la scientifique et l\u2019artistique, coexistent-elles dans votre cr\u00e9ation?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041e.S.: <\/strong>Autrefois, mes \u0153uvres po\u00e9tiques et en prose naissaient d\u2019habitude avant le texte scientifique. Mais aujourd\u2019hui, \u00e7a peut m\u2019arriver d\u2019\u00e9crire d\u2019abord un texte acad\u00e9mique, ou bien que d\u2019\u00eatre impressionn\u00e9e par quelque chose que j\u2019ai appris (entendu, vu, lu) dans une source savante, et ensuite cette exp\u00e9rience trouve son incarnation dans mes po\u00e8mes. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, le passage et l\u2019entrelacement de genres diff\u00e9rents se produisent assez souvent dans mon travail.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041c.M: <\/strong>L\u2019un de vos derniers cycles d\u2019illustrations s\u2019intitule <em>Paradis<\/em>. Pourriez-vous en parler et en expliquer le titre?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041e.S.: <\/strong>Depuis longtemps, j\u2019aime la po\u00e9sie de Nikola\u00ef Goumilev et je la traduis en ukrainien. Sa biographie est d\u2019ailleurs li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine. Sa premi\u00e8re \u00e9pouse fut Anna Akhmatova, n\u00e9e \u00e0 Odessa, qu\u2019il \u00e9pousa en 1910 dans l\u2019\u00e9glise Saint-Nicolas du village de Nykolska Slobidka, situ\u00e9 pas loin de Kyiv. Mais cela ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0, bien s\u00fbr. Goumilev s\u2019int\u00e9ressait beaucoup \u00e0 la mythologie ukrainienne, et sa po\u00e9sie regorge de motifs folkloriques ukrainiens. Son po\u00e8me po\u00e8me <em>Paradis<\/em> compte parmi mes pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, c\u2019est pourquoi j\u2019ai r\u00e9uni plusieurs de mes traductions de ses vers dans un cycle que j\u2019ai intitul\u00e9 <em>Paradis<\/em>. Parall\u00e8lement, j\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie d\u2019images mythologiques, \u00abparadisiaques\u00bb, pour accompagner ce cycle de traductions. On y trouve des taureaux fantastiques, un l\u00e9opard, des baleines, des dauphins, des oiseaux bleus. Parmi mes motifs favoris figurent l\u2019arbre de la connaissance du bien et du mal, et l\u2019\u0152il, sans doute, divin. Je dessine aussi souvent des roses et des cypr\u00e8s. J\u2019adore les cypr\u00e8s depuis mon enfance, et ici, en Suisse, c\u2019est un vrai bonheur de les retrouver.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041c.M.: <\/strong>Il me semble que vos tableaux <em>The Fantasy<\/em> et <em>L\u2019Arbre de la connaissance<\/em> sont li\u00e9s entre eux. Travaillez-vous \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de cycles?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041e. S.: <\/strong>\u00c0 l\u2019origine, je n\u2019avais pas l\u2019intention de concevoir des cycles: je captais simplement des symboles et des images par une sorte de \u00abvision int\u00e9rieure\u00bb. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019ont vu le jour mes dessins de taureaux \u2013 allant de repr\u00e9sentations assez r\u00e9alistes \u00e0 des formes mythologiques, inspir\u00e9es par l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 (ainsi, la d\u00e9esse \u00e9gyptienne Hathor \u00e9tait souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e avec des cornes de vache). Dans mes dessins, ces taureaux fantastiques paissent sur des pr\u00e9s suisses. En arri\u00e8re-plan ou \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019eux, appara\u00eet une mandala. En reprenant certains motifs, je reviens volontiers aux th\u00e8mes du paradis et de la cr\u00e9ation du monde. J\u2019ai aussi une s\u00e9rie de dessins de carpes fantastiques. Ils sont nourris de mes impressions devant de v\u00e9ritables carpes ko\u00ef aux reflets d\u2019or et de soie que j\u2019ai eu l\u2019occasion d\u2019observer. J\u2019ai \u00e9galement int\u00e9gr\u00e9 des carpes dans un triptyque inspir\u00e9 d\u2019un conte japonais sur le palais sous-marin du dragon: le h\u00e9ros, descendu au fond de la mer, y rencontre les courtisans du dragon \u2013 des poissons-danseuses et des carpes-musiciennes jouant du koto et du shamisen. Je dessine aussi des plantes \u2013 lotus et n\u00e9nuphars, glycines, narcisses, lys, campanules, bleuets, roses, coquelicots, an\u00e9mones. Pour le conte d\u2019Alexe\u00ef Nikola\u00efevitch Tolsto\u00ef\u00a0<em>Le Coq sauvage<\/em> (du cycle <em>Contes de la sir\u00e8ne<\/em>), j\u2019ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 deux dessins en noir et rouge: sur l\u2019un figure le coq sauvage seul, sur l\u2019autre il appara\u00eet entour\u00e9 de fragments du conte, traduits en fran\u00e7ais et en anglais. Dans ces deux dessins, outre le coq sauvage (libre et ind\u00e9pendant, comme dans le conte), on retrouve la for\u00eat et l\u2019\u0153uf qu\u2019il a pondu: peint tout en rouge, comme un \u0153uf de P\u00e2ques. En parall\u00e8le, je travaille sur des cycles de dessins inspir\u00e9s du folklore suisse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041c.M.: <\/strong>Selon quel principe choisissez-vous les po\u00e8mes \u00e0 traduire? Le facteur d\u00e9cisif pour vous est-il la valeur artistique, l\u2019importance historique et culturelle, ou autre chose encore?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041e.S.: <\/strong>En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, je ne me laisse pas guider par des facteurs ext\u00e9rieurs dans le choix d\u2019un texte \u00e0 traduire. L\u2019essentiel est de savoir si le texte me regarde, comme on dit, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire s\u2019il me pla\u00eet, s\u2019il correspond \u00e0 ma nature, \u00e0 mon \u00e9tat d\u2019esprit du moment\u2026 Aux tournants importants de ma vie, par exemple, Rudyard Kipling et le l\u00e9gendaire barde gallois Myrddin le Sauvage furent pour moi essentiels. Il m\u2019est aussi arriv\u00e9 de lire d\u2019abord la biographie d\u2019un po\u00e8te, de m\u2019y passionner, puis de chercher ses textes et de me rendre compte qu\u2019il me fallait transmettre mes impressions, exprimer mes \u00e9motions \u00e0 travers la traduction. Ce fut le cas avec les po\u00e8mes de la reine irlandaise Gormlaith, que j\u2019ai ensuite traduits. Mes traductions de Gormlaith ont, \u00e0 leur tour, ouvert au lecteur ukrainien l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 sa po\u00e9sie et \u00e9veill\u00e9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour son \u0153uvre et son destin tragique. Pour moi, il est capital de transmettre autant que possible les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de l\u2019original. C\u2019est alors que na\u00eet la joie de l\u2019explorateur. Le po\u00e8te et \u00e9crivain ukrainien Volodymyr Samiylenko, qui traduisit en ukrainien Hom\u00e8re, Dante, B\u00e9ranger et bien d\u2019autres classiques, avait coutume de dire: \u00abJe me demande, comment cela sonnera-t-il en ukrainien?\u00bb (<em>\u0426\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043e<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>\u044f\u043a<\/em> <em>\u0446\u0435<\/em> <em>\u043f\u043e<\/em><em>&#8211;<\/em><em>\u043d\u0430\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/em> <em>\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435<\/em><em>?<\/em>). Moi aussi, j\u2019ai toujours cette curiosit\u00e9 de voir ce que donnera la traduction en ukrainien. Ainsi, un jour, je suis tomb\u00e9e par hasard sur le po\u00e8me m\u00e9di\u00e9val <em>Pearl<\/em>, en moyen anglais. Son intrigue, sa symbolique, ses encha\u00eenements d\u2019all\u00e9gories, sa structure strophique complexe m\u2019ont \u00e9merveill\u00e9e. Je l\u2019ai alors traduit en ukrainien, sous le titre <em>Perlyna<\/em> (<em>La Perle<\/em>), directement \u00e0 partir du texte original, et non de ses versions ult\u00e9rieures en anglais moderne. Pendant longtemps, j\u2019ai traduit par pur plaisir, sans espoir de voir mes traductions publi\u00e9es, \u00abpour le tiroir\u00bb, jusqu\u2019au jour o\u00f9 j\u2019ai d\u00e9couvert que mes traductions \u00e9taient bel et bien attendues par les lecteurs. Bien s\u00fbr, une traduction exige que l\u2019on y mette son \u00e2me. Et j\u2019avoue d\u2019\u00eatre fi\u00e8re de certaines de mes travaux. Pour en citer quelques-uns: <em>Les Raisins de la col\u00e8re<\/em> de John Steinbeck, <em>L\u2019Intrus<\/em> de William Faulkner, <em>Gal\u00e1pagos<\/em> de Kurt Vonnegut, <em>Les Sept mers<\/em> de Rudyard Kipling, ainsi que l\u2019anthologie de po\u00e9sie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale europ\u00e9enne <em>L\u2019Europe m\u00e9di\u00e9vale: floril\u00e8ge litt\u00e9raire<\/em>, dont j\u2019ai r\u00e9alis\u00e9 la majeure partie des traductions. Je voudrais ajouter qu\u2019en 2021, pour ma traduction d\u2019un recueil consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019esprit des bois Puck, figure du folklore britannique, j\u2019ai re\u00e7u la bourse Andr\u00e9 Cheptytsky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041c.M.: <\/strong>Vous avez traduit en ukrainien le\u00a0po\u00e8me <em>Paradise Lost<\/em> de John Milton. Quels sont les principaux d\u00e9fis auxquels se heurte un traducteur lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019attaque \u00e0 un texte aussi monumental et foisonnant?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041e.S.: <\/strong>J\u2019ai toujours beaucoup aim\u00e9 cette \u0153uvre, et je r\u00eavais de la traduire enti\u00e8rement \u2013 ce que j\u2019ai fini par faire. Je dois dire que c\u2019est le texte lui-m\u00eame qui est venu \u00e0 ma rencontre. D\u2019abord, j\u2019ai simplement lu l\u2019original. Ensuite, les motifs du \u00abparadis perdu\u00bb se sont refl\u00e9t\u00e9s dans mes propres po\u00e8mes. Plus tard, j\u2019ai d\u00e9couvert qu\u2019un extrait de <em>Paradise Lost<\/em> servait d\u2019\u00e9pigraphe au roman de John Steinbeck <em>En un combat douteux<\/em> (<em>In Dubious Battle<\/em>). Le titre lui-m\u00eame vient de Milton! Cet \u00e9pigraphe, je l\u2019ai traduit, comme l\u2019ensemble du roman de Steinbeck. Puis, \u00abpour le tiroir\u00bb, j\u2019ai traduit tout Milton. Plus tard, ma traduction a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce travail, il y eut des passages qui avan\u00e7aient relativement vite. Mais il y eut aussi des moments o\u00f9 je devais examiner attentivement les allit\u00e9rations, la symbolique, le contexte de chaque vers. Car il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un simple r\u00e9cit biblique. L\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 vivait Milton y est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sente: le po\u00e8me est satur\u00e9 d\u2019allusions et de sous-entendus que ses contemporains comprenaient ais\u00e9ment, mais que nous devons d\u00e9chiffrer: des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s religieuses, politiques, personnelles (par exemple, le destin d\u2019Oliver Cromwell, le contexte de ses discours et \u00e9crits).<\/p>\n<p>Il importait de restituer non seulement le m\u00e8tre, le vers blanc, l\u2019\u00e9quivalence m\u00e9trique et d\u2019autres caract\u00e9ristiques po\u00e9tiques, mais aussi tous les sous-textes. Milton aimait les jeux de mots, notamment les allit\u00e9rations. Par exemple, il appelle l\u2019anti-h\u00e9ros Satan \u00abFiend\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un sc\u00e9l\u00e9rat, mais au sens plus large: l\u2019ennemi du genre humain. Il suffit d\u2019enlever une lettre \u00e0 \u00abFriend\u00bb (ami) pour obtenir \u00abFiend\u00bb, qui signifie d\u00e9mon, diable. En ukrainien, j\u2019ai choisi \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u00bb (litt\u00e9ralement \u00abnon-ami\u00bb, adversaire), qui est un antonyme naturel de \u00ab\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u00bb (ami) et qui se rapproche \u00e9tonnamment de l\u2019original. J\u2019ai aussi employ\u00e9 \u00ab\u0431\u0443\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0456\u0440\u00bb, qui signifie \u00abcruel\u00bb, \u00abinhumain\u00bb, \u00abmonstre\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Une autre difficult\u00e9 tenait au genre des substantifs. Chez Milton, le P\u00e9ch\u00e9 (Sin), personnifi\u00e9 en fille de Satan, engendre de lui la Mort (Death). Si le P\u00e9ch\u00e9 est f\u00e9minin, la Mort appara\u00eet sous une forme masculine. Pour respecter la m\u00e9trique et le parall\u00e9lisme, il \u00e9tait difficile de modifier ces notions sans trahir l\u2019original. Dans ma traduction, ces figures d\u00e9moniaques \u2013 <em>\u0413\u0440\u0456\u0445<\/em> et <em>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c<\/em> \u2013 sont donc rest\u00e9es, respectivement, une femme et un homme. Le po\u00e8me rec\u00e8le aussi des renvois au folklore anglais et \u00e0 la litt\u00e9rature m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, que Milton et ses contemporains connaissaient bien. Par exemple, le genre de la <em>vision<\/em>, tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandu dans la litt\u00e9rature religieuse. Tout cela devait \u00eatre pris en compte pour restituer avec exactitude le mod\u00e8le miltonien de l\u2019Enfer. Enfin, il fallait transmettre le principe de l\u2019amour pr\u00e9sent dans l\u2019\u0153uvre: amour pour Dieu, amour entre Adam et \u00c8ve, amour et fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 au suzerain, mais aussi trahison envers lui\u2026 Sur le plan linguistique, je me suis efforc\u00e9e que ma traduction soit compr\u00e9hensible aux lecteurs d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, comme l\u2019\u00e9tait le po\u00e8me pour les contemporains de Milton, sans pour autant chercher \u00e0 le \u00abnostrifier\u00bb. J\u2019ai recouru aux archa\u00efsmes (la connaissance du lexique ukrainien de l\u2019\u00e9poque baroque m\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s utile). Mais il faut toujours garder la mesure. L\u2019original est un texte vivant, et j\u2019ai voulu que la traduction ukrainienne le soit aussi, qu\u2019elle \u00abrespire\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.M.: <\/strong>Quelles langues parlez-vous, et laquelle consid\u00e9rez-vous comme votre \u00ablangue maternelle\u00bb lorsque vous travaillez sur vos traductions?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.S.: <\/strong>Je ma\u00eetrise l\u2019ukrainien, le russe et l\u2019anglais (qui est ma langue \u00e9trang\u00e8re de base). J\u2019apprends le fran\u00e7ais (j\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint le niveau B1) et je souhaite poursuivre dans cette voie. J\u2019ai \u00e9galement \u00e9tudi\u00e9 l\u2019allemand, le polonais, le latin, l\u2019espagnol et l\u2019occitan (proven\u00e7al). Je connais certaines langues slaves. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces connaissances, j\u2019ai pu traduire l\u2019\u00e9pop\u00e9e serbe et, plus largement, balkanique. Avec l\u2019aide de dictionnaires, mais sans traductions interlin\u00e9aires, j\u2019ai travaill\u00e9 sur la po\u00e9sie scaldique scandinave, ainsi que sur la po\u00e9sie celtique (de l\u2019irlandais au gallois). Il en va de m\u00eame pour les langues turciques (po\u00e9sie des khans de Crim\u00e9e). Je comprends la langue scots et j\u2019ai traduit \u00e0 partir de celle-ci des ballades \u00e9cossaises. J\u2019ai aussi fait des traductions de l\u2019anglo-saxon (vieil anglais), du moyen anglais et de l\u2019ancien anglais.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.M.: <\/strong>Comment travaillez-vous avec le rythme et la rime lorsque vous traduisez des textes po\u00e9tiques en ukrainien? Conservez-vous la m\u00e9trique originale ou l\u2019adaptez-vous \u00e0 la prosodie ukrainienne?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.S.: <\/strong>C\u2019est une question int\u00e9ressante. La po\u00e9sie, c\u2019est le rythme. En lisant <em>Paradise Lost<\/em> \u00e0 voix haute, j\u2019ai compris qu\u2019il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire de pr\u00e9server ce rythme. Dans ma traduction en ukrainien, j\u2019y suis parvenue. En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, je m\u2019efforce de conserver la forme originale, l\u2019\u00e9quivalence m\u00e9trique et rythmique, les allit\u00e9rations, les rimes internes. Bien s\u00fbr, il arrive que cela ne co\u00efncide pas toujours avec la rythmom\u00e9lodie ukrainienne. Un exemple parlant est celui de la po\u00e9sie scaldique scandinave, o\u00f9 l\u2019on trouve des sch\u00e9mas d\u2019allit\u00e9rations tr\u00e8s stricts. Une traduction litt\u00e9rale peut donner un ensemble de mots \u00e9pars et d\u00e9nu\u00e9s de sens, alors que dans l\u2019original, ces po\u00e8mes sont harmonieux et logiques. Pour traduire la po\u00e9sie des scaldes, ma connaissance des arts visuels scandinaves, en particulier des pierres runiques, m\u2019a beaucoup aid\u00e9e. De m\u00eame, dans le travail sur l\u2019organisation rythmique de mes traductions, m\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 utile la connaissance de la po\u00e9sie des khans de Crim\u00e9e, con\u00e7ue \u00e0 la fois pour une perception auditive et visuelle. Mais je cherche toujours \u00e0 rapprocher le plus possible ma traduction de l\u2019original. Mes traductions sont de v\u00e9ritables traductions, et non des \u00abr\u00e9\u00e9critures\u00bb, des \u00abadaptations\u00bb ou des \u00abvariations\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.M: <\/strong>Quand avez-vous commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 dessiner et \u00e0 \u00e9crire des po\u00e8mes?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.S.: <\/strong>Je dessine depuis tr\u00e8s longtemps, depuis ma petite enfance. Je faisais aussi du patchwork, du modelage, de la broderie, je fabriquais des poup\u00e9es, des petits livres faits \u00e0 la main. J\u2019aimais illustrer ce que je lisais. J\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 composer des po\u00e8mes \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t. Lorsque j\u2019\u00e9crivais des po\u00e8mes, je les encadrais imm\u00e9diatement de dessins. Ou, inversement, j\u2019\u00e9crivais des po\u00e8mes autour d\u2019un dessin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M. :<\/strong> Travaillez-vous selon une technique artistique particuli\u00e8re ? Quels mat\u00e9riaux pr\u00e9f\u00e9rez-vous ?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S. :<\/strong> Je dessine avec ce que j\u2019ai sous la main. Cela peut \u00eatre de la peinture, des feutres, des marqueurs, des crayons de couleur, des craies de cire (j\u2019aime beaucoup travailler avec), des pastels&#8230; Ici, en Suisse, j\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 avec des pastels. Mais je sens que ma technique artistique va encore \u00e9voluer. Je peux travailler dans diff\u00e9rents styles, selon ce qui me pla\u00eet le plus \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9. Je travaille aussi bien avec une gamme multicolore qu\u2019avec des couleurs monochromes, en combinant souvent le rouge et le noir. Ce dernier choix est peut-\u00eatre aussi un \u00e9cho de mon inconscient ukrainien, car le rouge et le noir sur fond blanc sont nos symboles, notamment dans les broderies, les \u0153ufs de P\u00e2ques&#8230; Certaines peintures (paysages, natures mortes&#8230;) sont inspir\u00e9es de la nature, et les spectateurs reconnaissent souvent imm\u00e9diatement les montagnes, les lacs, les roses, les autres fleurs, etc. qu\u2019ils ont vus dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.M.: <\/strong>Comment le changement de lieu de r\u00e9sidence a-t-il influenc\u00e9 votre cr\u00e9ation artistique ? Envisagez-vous d\u2019exposer vos \u0153uvres ?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e.S.:<\/strong> La Suisse m\u2019a sauv\u00e9. Ici, j\u2019ai d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un nouveau style, j\u2019expose mes peintures et mes illustrations pour des traductions. L\u2019ann\u00e9e pass\u00e9e, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en 2024, une exposition a eu lieu \u00e0 Saint-Sulpice. Cette ann\u00e9e, mon tableau \u00abLa femme-rivi\u00e8re\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au vernissage \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, lors du concours organis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la Saint-Valentin. Je pr\u00e9vois \u00e9galement de nouvelles expositions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.M.:<\/strong>Merci beaucoup pour cette conversation passionnante. Nous vous souhaitons beaucoup de succ\u00e8s, de nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes litt\u00e9raires, de traductions et d\u2019expositions de peintures!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u201cTHE MAIN THING IS WHETHER THE TEXT &#8249;STARES&#8250; AT ME\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong><em>Olga Smolnytska<\/em><\/strong><em> is a Ukrainian philologist, philosopher, translator, writer, and artist. Candidate of Philosophical Sciences of \u201cUkrainian Studies\u201d. She is the author of 8 Ukrainian books: poetical collections \u201cThe Angel of the Night\u201d, \u201cI Shall Find a Changeable Comet\u201d (both 2009), \u201cThe Black Butterfly\u201d (2010), TV-scripts, prose, articles: \u201cSearching the Roots\u201d (2010); poetry: \u201cThe Wanderer\u201d (2011); \u201cLilies for Nila\u201d (2012); poetry \u201cThe Ripe Grapes\u201d (2017); individual philosophical monograph \u201cPhilosophical-methodological principles of Literary Studies at the University in Kyiv at the end of the 19th \u2013 beginning 20th centuries\u201d (2013). Winner of literary awards and competitions. Since 2022, she has lived in Switzerland. In 2023, she won the Kyiv magazine Vsesvit Award for her translation of Karel Jarom\u00edr Erben&#8217;s ballads from the collection \u201cBouquet\u201d from Czech into Ukrainian. Her translations from various Slavic languages into Ukrainian are regularly published in the magazine SlavicumPress.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.: <\/strong>How do coexist so completely different aspects of your work as scientific and artistic ones?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> Previously, it was the case that my poetry and prose works were born before the scientific text. But now, it may also be the case that I write a scientific text or am impressed by what I have learned earlier on (heard, seen, read) in a scientific source, and then this experience is embodied in my poetry. Overall, the overflow and interweaving of different genres are occurring in my work quite often.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.: <\/strong>One of your latest illustration series is called \u201cParadise.\u201d Could you tell us more about this series and explain what is the origin of its title?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> I&#8217;ve admired the works of Nikolai Gumilev for a long time and have translated his works into Ukrainian. Incidentally, Gumilyov&#8217;s biography is also connected to Ukraine. The poet&#8217;s first wife was Odessa-born Anna Akhmatova (Horenko), with whom he got married in 1910 at St. Nicholas Church in the village of Nikolska Slobidka. The village was located near Kyiv. But of course, there&#8217;s more to it. Gumilev was deeply interested in Ukrainian mythology, and his poetry contains many Ukrainian folk motifs. And the poem \u201cParadise\u201d is one of my favourites by Gumilev, so I combined a number of my translations from Gumilev\u2019s poetry into one cycle, which I called \u201cParadise.\u201d At the same time, I began working on a series of mythological, \u201cparadise\u201d images for this translation cycle. Among them are fantastical bulls, a leopard, whales, dolphins, and bluebirds. My favourite images are the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, and The Eye (probably the Eye of God). I also often draw roses and cypresses. I&#8217;ve loved cypresses since childhood, and here in Switzerland, it&#8217;s so nice to see them again.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.: <\/strong>It seems to me that the pictures \u201cThe Fantasy\u201d and \u201cThe Tree of Knowledge\u201d are connected. Are you working on creating a series?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> Initially, I didn&#8217;t intend any cycles; I simply captured symbols and images with my \u201cinner vision.\u201d This is how my drawings of bulls emerged \u2013 from fairly realistic ones to mythological ones, inspired by ancient mythology (for example, the Egyptian goddess Hathor was typically depicted with cow horns). The fantastical bulls in my drawings roam the Swiss meadows. A mandala is placed against or next to them. When creating recurring images, I return to themes of paradise and the creation of the world. I have a series of drawings of fantastical carp. The drawings are filled with impressions of real brocade koi carp that I once observed. I also included carp in a triptych based on a Japanese fairy tale about the underwater palace of a dragon. The fairy tale&#8217;s hero, having fallen to the bottom of the sea, meets the dragon&#8217;s courtiers: dancing fish and carp musicians playing the koto and shamisen. I draw plants \u2013 lotuses and nenuphars, wisteria, daffodils, lilies, bellflowers, cornflowers, roses, poppies, anemones. I drew two drawings in black and red tones for Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy&#8217;s fairy tale \u201cThe Wild Cock (Roaster)\u201d (from the cycle \u201cMermaid Fairy-Tales\u201d): one picture depicts the \u201cwild roaster\u201d on its own, and the other one, framed by excerpts from Tolstoy&#8217;s fairy tale, are translated by me into French and English. And in both drawings, besides the wild chicken (free and independent, just like in the fairy tale), there&#8217;s a forest and the egg it laid. It&#8217;s red, like an Easter egg \u2013 <em>krashanka<\/em>. I&#8217;m also working on a series of drawings inspired by Swiss folklore.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.: <\/strong>How do you select poems for translation? What is the deciding factor for you: artistic value, historical and cultural significance, or something else?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> Usually, there are no specific factors that influence my choice of translation for a particular work. The main thing is whether the text \u201espeaks\u201d to me, whether I like it, whether it suits my personality and my current mood&#8230; At turning points in my life, for example, Rudyard Kipling and the legendary Welsh bard Myrddin Wyllt (\u201cthe Wild\u201d) were important to me. There were times when I&#8217;d first read a poet&#8217;s biography and be captivated; then I&#8217;d search for lyrics and realise I needed to express my feelings, reflect my impressions. This is what happened with the poems of the ancient Irish queen Gormlaith, which I later translated. And my translations of Gormlaith, in turn, introduced Ukrainian readers to her poetry, inspiring them to learn more about this woman&#8217;s poetical work and tragic fate. For me, the principle of maximising the original&#8217;s authenticity is essential. That&#8217;s when the joy of discovery arises. Ukrainian poet and writer Volodymyr Samiilenko, who translated the works of Homer, Dante, Beranger, and many other classics into Ukrainian, said: \u201cIt is interesting what it would be like in our language?\u201d <em>(\u00ab\u0426\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0446\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435?\u00bb)<\/em> And I&#8217;m always curious about what a Ukrainian translation would look like. For example, when I accidentally discovered the medieval poem \u201cThe Pearl\u201d (Middle English \u201cPerle\u201d) in Middle English, I was delighted by its plot, symbolism, chains of allegories, and complex strophes. And then I translated the poem \u201eThe Pearl\u201d (in the Ukrainian translation, \u201ePerlyna\u201d) into Ukrainian. And I did so from the original, not from subsequent versions in modern English. For a long time, I translated as stood \u201eat the table\u201d, but then I suddenly discovered that readers needed my translations. Of course, you have to put your heart and soul into translation. I also have literary translations that I&#8217;m especially proud of. Here are a few: John Steinbeck\u2019s \u201cThe Grapes of Wrath,\u201d William Faulkner\u2019s \u201cIntruder in the Dust,\u201d Kurt Vonnegut\u2019s \u201c<span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\">Gal\u00e1pagos<\/span>,\u201d Rudyard Kipling\u2019s \u201cSeven Seas,\u201d as well as the anthology of medieval European poetry \u201cEuropean Middle Ages: A Literary Florilegium,\u201d for which I performed most of the translations. I&#8217;d like to add that I received the Sheptytsky Scholarship in 2021 for my translation of a collection about the forest spirit Puck, a hero of British Isles folklore.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.:<\/strong> You have translated John Milton&#8217;s &#171;Paradise Lost&#187; into Ukrainian. What are the main challenges a translator faces when tackling such a monumental and multilayered text?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> I&#8217;ve always loved this work; I dreamed of translating it completely \u2013 and I did. I must say, the text has found me. At first, I simply read the original. Then, the motifs of \u201cparadise lost\u201d found their way into my poems. Later, I discovered that a passage from \u201cParadise Lost\u201d is used as an epigraph to the work \u201cIn Dubious Battle.\u201d The title is also taken from Milton! I translated this epigraph, and I have translated the whole Steinbeck\u2019s novel. And then \u2013 first I stood at the table \u2013 I translated all of Milton\u2019s poem. And later, my translation was published. While translating the poem, there were sections that went relatively quickly. But there were also times when I had to clarify the alliterations, symbolism, and context of each line. After all, this is not just a retelling of a biblical story. This is the author&#8217;s contemporary life, the poem is full of allusions and hints that would be understandable to his audience, and we need to decipher the subtext: religious, political, personal (for example, the fate of Oliver Cromwell, the context of his speeches and texts). It was important to recreate not only meter and blank verse, equilinearity, and other poetic features, but also to be capable of conveying various kinds of subtext. Milton loved experimenting with words and used alliterations. For example, Milton called the antihero Satan &#171;Fiend,&#187; meaning villain, or more broadly, The Enemy of the Human Race. It was enough to remove one letter from the word \u201cFriend\u201d to get \u201cvillain,\u201d or \u201cfiend,\u201d which is also a devil or demon. In Ukrainian, I got \u201cnedruh,\u201d which is the antonym of the word <em>\u201cdruh\u201d<\/em> (\u201cfriend\u201d). It is unexpectedly close to the original. But I also used the word <em>\u201cBuzuvir,\u201d <\/em>meaning \u201cfiend,\u201d \u201cmonster.\u201d There was also a problem with the gender of the nouns. In Milton&#8217;s poem, Satan&#8217;s daughter, Sin, gives birth to Death through incestuous intercourse with him. While Sin is personified by Milton as a woman, Death has a masculine appearance. To maintain rhythm and balance, it is difficult to alter the names themselves, lest they subvert the original concepts. Therefore, in my translation, these demonic figures \u2013 <em>Hr\u0456kh<\/em> (Sin) and<em> Smert\u2019<\/em> (Death) \u2013 remained respectively a woman and a man. The poem also contains implicatures from English folklore and medieval literature, well known to Milton and his contemporaries. This includes the visionary genre, popular in religious literature. All of this had to be taken into account during translation to accurately reflect Milton&#8217;s model of Hell. It was also important to convey the principle of love in this work. After all, it encompasses love for God, for a loved one (Adam and Eve), and love and service to the suzerain (overlord), and betrayal. On the linguistic level, I worked to ensure my translation would be understandable to readers, just as Milton&#8217;s contemporaries understood Milton&#8217;s poem, but I did not attempt to domesticate the original. I used archaisms in the translation (my knowledge of Ukrainian Baroque vocabulary was very helpful here). But, of course, moderation is key. The original is a living text, and I tried to make the Ukrainian translation feel alive and \u201ebreathing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.:<\/strong> What languages do you speak and which of them do you feel like your \u201cnative\u201d when you translate?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> I am fluent in Ukrainian, Russian, and English (it is my primary foreign language). I am learning French (I have already reached level B1) and still want to keep studying it. I studied German, Polish, Latin, Spanish, and Occitan (Proven\u00e7al). I also know some more Slavic languages. Thanks to this knowledge, I was able to create translations of Serbian and, more broadly, Balkan epics. Using dictionaries but without interlinear translations, I translated Scandinavian skaldic and other poetry, as well as Celtic poetry (as Irish, Welsh etc.). The same applies to Turkic languages (the poetry of the Crimean Khans). I understand Scots and have translated Scottish ballads. Also I have translations from Anglo-Saxon (Old English), Middle English, and Old English.<\/p>\n<p>I translate mostly into Ukrainian, but I also have translations into Russian and English. Previously, I considered the ability to write poetry in a foreign language the main criterion for fluency. My first attempts at poetry as a child were written in English.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.: <\/strong>How do you work with rhythm and rhyme when translating poetry into Ukrainian? Do you preserve the original metrics or adapt them to Ukrainian prosody?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> This is an interesting question. Poetry is rhythm. When I read \u201cParadise Lost\u201d aloud, it became clear to me that the rhythm must be preserved. This was achieved in the Ukrainian translation. I usually try to preserve the original form, equilinearity, equirhythmicity, alliteration, and internal rhymes. Of course, there are discrepancies with Ukrainian rhythmic melody. One example is Scandinavian skaldic poetry, where the poems feature alliterative patterns, resulting in a meaningless jumble of scattered words when translated literally, while the original is harmonious and logical. My knowledge of Scandinavian visual art, particularly rune stones, helped me translate skaldic poetry. When working with the rhythmic organization of translations, knowledge of the poetry of the Crimean Khans, which is designed for both auditory and visual perception, is helpful. But I always strive to make the translation as close to the original as possible. My translations are precisely translations, not \u201erehashes,\u201d not \u201earrangements,\u201d not \u201evariations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.:<\/strong> When did you start drawing and writing poetry?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> I&#8217;ve been drawing for a long time, since early childhood. I also did appliqu\u00e9, modelling, embroidery, made dolls, and sewed handmade books. I loved illustrating what I read. I also started writing poetry early. When I wrote poetry, I immediately framed it with drawings. Or, conversely, I wrote poetry around a drawing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c.\u041c.: <\/strong>Do you work in a particular artistic technique? What materials do you prefer?<\/p>\n<p>O.S.: I draw with whatever&#8217;s at hand. It could be paints, felt-tip pens, markers, coloured pencils, wax crayons (I really enjoy working with them), pastels&#8230; Here in Switzerland, I started with pastels. So I can feel like my artistic technique itself will continue to evolve. I can work in a variety of styles \u2013 whatever suits me best at the moment. I work with both multicolour and monochrome palettes, often pairing red and black. Perhaps the latter is also an echo, an echo of the Ukrainian unconscious, since red and black on white are our symbols, including those of embroidery, <em>pysanky<\/em> (Ukrainian coloured Eastern eggs)\u2026 Some drawings (landscapes, still lifes\u2026) are taken from nature, and viewers often instantly recognize mountains, lakes, roses, other flowers, etc., that they have seen in real life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.: <\/strong>How has your change of residence influenced your artistic work? Are you planning any exhibitions of your work?<\/p>\n<p><strong>O.S.:<\/strong> Switzerland saved me. I developed a new style here, and I have exhibitions of my paintings and illustrations for translation. Last year, in 2024, there was an exhibition at Saint-Sulpice. This year, my painting \u201cThe Woman-River\u201d was on vernissage in Geneva, as part of a competition for Saint Valentine&#8217;s Day. I&#8217;m planning more exhibitions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M.M.: <\/strong>Thank you very much for the interesting conversation. We wish you continued success, new literary discoveries, translations, and art exhibitions!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/tag\/olga-smolnytska\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Olga Smolnytska<\/span><\/a>, University of Lausanne<\/p>\n<p>Interview by: <a href=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/tag\/maria-mackert\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Maria Mackert<\/span><\/a>, University of Konstanz<\/p>\n<p>Illustrations by: \u00a9 Olga Smolnytska<\/p>\n<p><em>Translated into French by: Michail Maiatsky, Luxembourg<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Translated into English by<\/em><em>:<\/em> Olga Smolnytska and\u00a0 <em>Edited by:<\/em> Kostiantyn Zotov (Zorian Kostiuk), Kyiv, Ukraine, freelance translator, copywriter, writer, ex-journalist. Writer&#8217;s pseudonym or alias: Zorian Kostiuk.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Edited by: Olga Burenina-Petrova, University of Zurch &amp; University of Konstanz<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u00bb, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0443<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/2025\/09\/12\/glavnoe-smotrit-li-na-menya-tekst-intervyu-marii-makkert-s-olgoi-smolnytskoi\/\">Read More &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":709,"featured_media":16497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[116,148,506,549,114],"class_list":["entry","author-olga","has-excerpt","post-16434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-interview","tag-english","tag-french","tag-maria-mackert","tag-olga-smolnytska","tag-russian"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/709"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16434"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16642,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16434\/revisions\/16642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/slavicumpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}