{"id":252,"date":"2021-01-24T10:50:50","date_gmt":"2021-01-24T10:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/?p=252"},"modified":"2021-05-31T11:42:14","modified_gmt":"2021-05-31T11:42:14","slug":"johann-georg-keyssler-1689-1743-keysslers-neueste-reisen-1740","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/johann-georg-keyssler-1689-1743-keysslers-neueste-reisen-1740\/","title":{"rendered":"Johann Georg Keyssler (1689-1743), Keysslers Neueste Reisen<\/em> (1740)"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Johann Georg Keyssler traveled around Europe many times when he served the counts of Bernstorff. As tutor to the sons and grandsons of the counts, he traveled to England, Germany, Switzerland and Italy between 1716 and 1727, and he traveled to France, Holland and Denmark later. His travel account was written in the form of letters. It is notable that he <\/em>devoted a whole <\/em>section to Pisa in his book. In many other travel accounts, Pisa is usually mentioned only briefly as a short stop between Genoa and other cities in Tuscany such as Siena or Lucca. The description of Camposanto is also relatively comprehensive and does not simply focus on the legend of the holy earth and the inscriptions of the building, as is often the case in earlier travel literature.
\n<\/em>Keyssler\u2019s mention of the holy earth strongly differs from earlier writers\u2019 in that he states that \u201cthis virtue [of the bodies consumed by the holy earth in twenty-four hours] is long since lost\u201d. If it were still the case, he writes, he would attribute this \u201cvirtue\u201d to the use of lime. Keyssler is also the first writer among the literary sources collected on this blog to refer to the plague as one possible reason for the decrease in the miracle of the holy earth. \/ DJ<\/em><\/p>\n

Keyssler_Pisa_DE_marked<\/a><\/div>\n

Source:<\/strong> Johann Georg Keyssler, Neueste Reise Durch Te\u00fctschland, B\u00f6hmen, Ungarn, Die Schweitz, Italien, Und Lothringen, Worin Der Zustand Und Das Merckw\u00fcrdigste Dieser L\u00e4nder Beschrieben Und Vermittelst Der Nat\u00fcrl. Gelehrten, Und Politischen Geschichte, Der Mechanik, Mahler-, Bau- Und Bildhauer-Kunst, M\u00fcntzen Und Alterth\u00fcmer Erl\u00e4utert Wird.<\/em> (Hannover: Nicolai F\u00f6rster, 1740), 464-465 (40. Brief).<\/span><\/p>\n

Translation:<\/strong> Travels through Germany, Boheia, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, and Lorrain. Giving a True and Just Description of the present state of those countries; their natural, literary, and political history; manners, laws, commerce, manufactures, painting, sculpture, architecture, coins, antiquities, curiosities of art and nature, etc.\u00a0<\/em>Vol. I, Second edition (London: A. Linde and F. Field, 1756), 402-403.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]\n

Transcription<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cZur Seite der Dom-Kirche ist auch der allgemeine Begr\u00e4bni\u00df-Ort der Stadt oder il campo santo<\/em> in Augenschein zu nehmen. Solcher ist eigentlich ein langer viereckiger und auf seinen vier Seiten mit einer Galerie umgebener Platz, welcher mit niedrigen Steinen in drey gleiche Theile unterschieden ist. In dem obersten werden die adelichen Personen begraben, in dem mittelsten die B\u00fcrger oder Cittadini und in dem dritten die Land-Leute.
\nAls im Jahr 1228. die Pisaner dem Kayser Friderico II. funfzig Galeren zu H\u00fclfe nach dem gelobten Lande geschicket, sollen diese bey ihrer Zur\u00fcckkehre, vermuthlich aus derjenigen Andacht, welche auch des Constantini M.<\/em> Mutter Helenam bewogen, viele Erde aus dem gelobten Lande nach Rom zu schicken, ihre Ladung von der Erde zu Jerusalem genommen und hieher gebracht haben, da man denn die besondere Eigenschaft daran bemerket, da\u00df die hinein gebrachten Leichen in den ersten acht Stunden sich aufgeblasen, in den folgenden achten wieder zusammen gefallen, und endlich in noch acht Stunden bis auf die Gebeine verzehret worden. Jetztgedachte Kraft des Bodens ist nicht mehr zu sp\u00fcren, und wenn sie denn jemals sich ereignet hat, so hatte sie ausser Zweifel ihren Ursprung dem vielen und starken Kalke, womit das Erdreich vermischet worden, zu danken; man k\u00f6nte auch diese Wunderkraft leicht erneuern, wenn nicht \u00fcberfl\u00fcssiger Platz vor die Gr\u00e4ber dieser von Einwohnern fast entbl\u00f6sseten Stadt vorhanden w\u00e4ren. Die Pisaner erzehlen, da\u00df die Eigenschaft des Bodens, die todten C\u00f6rper innerhalb vier und zwanzig Stunden zu verzehren, sich sonderlich zu einer Pest-Zeit verlohren, da die vielen dahin gebrachte Leichen das Land gar zu fett gemacht h\u00e4tten. Die Galerien um diesen Platz haben den Giovanni Pisano<\/em> zum Baumeister und sind im Jahr 1289. vollendet worden. Ihre Seiten oder W\u00e4nde sind mit Kalke \u00fcberzogen, und darauf verschiedene Biblische Historien von guten und ber\u00fchmten Meistern gemahlet, worunter insonderheit die Geschichte Hiobs in acht St\u00fccken vom Giotto<\/em> nicht vorbeyzugehen ist. Benotius Florentinus<\/em>, der auch alhier begraben ist, hat den Lebenslauf des Alt-Vaters Joseph in vielen Gem\u00e4hlden vorgestellet, und Bufalmaco<\/em> oder Andrea d\u2019Orcagna<\/em>, der im Jahr 1389. verstorben, das j\u00fcngste Gericht in einem sehr grossen St\u00fccke, in dessen Mitte der K\u00f6nig Salomo geb\u00fccket, und als einer, der kein gutes Gewissen hat, erscheinet. Zur Linken des Heylandes zeiget sich die H\u00f6lle und zur Rechten der Haufe der Auserwehlten, welcher meistentheils aus M\u00f6nchen und Nonnen bestehet. Indessen bemerket man doch dabey, da\u00df ein Engel sich die Freyheit nimt, einen M\u00f6nchen beym Haren aus dieser Gesellschaft zu ziehen. Die Erfindung des St\u00fcckes soll aus dem Dante genommen seyn. Unter den \u00fcbrigen Gem\u00e4hlden sind die besten vom obgedachten Benozzo Gozzoli<\/em>, welcher in den Vorstellungen der alten Geschichte die Portraite der ber\u00fchmtesten M\u00e4nner seiner Zeit gemahlet hat. Man findet ferner in einer dieser Galerien siebenzig bis achtzig grosse marmorne S\u00e4rge, so noch aus dem Alterthum kommen und guten Theils mit trefflichen bas reliefs<\/em> gezieret sind.\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]\n

Translation<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIl Campo Santo, or the city burying-place, is an oblong piece of ground, with a gallery round it, and divided by low stone walls into three equal parts; in the uppermost lie the nobility, the citizens in the middle, and the peasants in the lowest part.<\/p>\n

In the year 1228, the Pisans having sent fifty galleys to the holy war, as auxiliaries to the emperor Frederick II. the commanders, probably in imitation of the pious example of Helena, grand-mother to Constantine the Great, who sent a quantity of earth from the Holy Land to Rome, took in a cargo of the earth, near Jerusalem, brought it to this C\u0153m\u00e8tery, where it was observed to have such a singular quality, that it caused the bodies interred in it, for the first eight hours, to swell prodigiously, which in the succeeding eight hours, shrunk again to their natural proportion, and within eight hours more, were consumed to the very bone, but this virtue has been long since lost; and if it ever existed, it was certainly owing to a mixture of a great quantity of strong lime; so that the supported miracle might be easily renewed, if the burial-place did not afford room for many more than the inhabitants of this desolate city. The Pisans have a tradition, that this virtue, of consuming dead bodies within twenty-four hours, was observed particularly to decrease in the time of the plague, or any epidemical distemper, by reason of the unctuousness communicated to the soil, from the great numbers interred in it. The galleries were built by Giovanni Pisano, and finished in 1289.<\/p>\n

On the walls are several scriptural histories, painted by several hands, among which the history of Job, in eight pieces, by Giotto, deserves particular notice. Bennoti Florentini, who is also buried here, has adorned this gallery with the life of the patriarch Joseph, in four compartments, and to Bufalmaco or Andrea d\u2019Orgagna, who died in 1389, it owes a very large representation of the Last Judgment, in the middle of which is seen king Solomon hanging down his head, with all the other signs of a guilty conscience. On our Saviour\u2019s left hand, hell is represented, and on his right the mansions of felicity, crowded with monks and nuns: However, an angel is seen to take the freedom of dragging away a monk by the hair, as not qualified to be in such good company. The invention of this piece is said to be borrowed from Dante\u2019s poem on this subject. Of the other paintings to be seen here those of Benozzo Gozzoli are the best, who has very happily introduced into his historical pieces the portraits of the most eminent persons in his time. In one of these galleries or porticos are seventy or eighty large marble coffins, which by reason of the admirable bas-reliefs they are adorned with are supposed to be the work of antiquity.\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Johann Georg Keyssler traveled around Europe many times when he served the counts of Bernstorff. As tutor to the sons and grandsons of the counts, he traveled to England, Germany, Switzerland and Italy between 1716 and 1727, and he traveled to France, Holland and Denmark later. His travel account was written in the form […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":541,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,6,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-18th-century","category-german","category-travel-account"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/541"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=252"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1463,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252\/revisions\/1463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dlf.uzh.ch\/sites\/camposanto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}